Woodworking Joints - Mortise-and-Tenon Joints

The mortise-and-tenon joint is used in structural timbershoulders of the tenon than those through the mortise,
work and framing as well as in high quality furniturethe joint will be tightened as they are driven in.
and cabinet work.Haunehed mortise-and-tenon
The mortise is a rectangular slot or recess cut in oneThe ordinary through or stopped mortise-and-tenon
piece of wood. The tenon is a projecting tongue cut onjoint is used for T-joints. Where the joint is made at a
the end of a cross rail, which locates in the mortise.corner - say, the junction of a chair seat rail and the
There are a great many variations on the basic joint. Ittop of a leg - a variation called a haunehed
may be used with wood of similar or differingmortise-and-tenon is used. The haunch slops any
thicknesses and as a through or stopped joint - thetendency the joint has to twist.
latter is a stub tenon joint.The tenon should be cut to the full width of the rail,
The mortise is usually made with the rail 'on edge", butthen about three-quarters of the length of the tenon
the joint can be used with the rail face up as in ashould be cut out from its top edge, down for about
cabinet drawer rail. In this case a double tenon joint isone-third of its width, leaving a rectangular projection
made.on top of the main tenon. This is the haunch. If the
Stopped mortise-and-tenonhaunch is cut at a slope from the top of the shoulder
A stopped mortise is cut from one edge only andto the top edge of the tenon it becomes a secret
should not be deeper than two-thirds of the stile width.haunch. Cut the mortise to take the full length of the
A stub tenon should be about 2mm shorter than thetenon but only the two-thirds width. Then groove the
mortise depth, so that the end docs not touch themating face of the stile (or leg) from the end down to
bottom of the mortise.the top of the mortise to accept the haunch. With the
You can tighten a stopped mortise-and-tenon by fittingsecret haunch, the groove should slope inwards from
dowels at right-angles through the mortise and thethe top. A haunehed tenon can be lightened with
tenon. If the dowel holes are made slightly nearer thewedges.