For its 40ème birthday, the csotcina.comedic Society of West held its annual convention in Tours. The aforementioned was chaired by Jean-Louis Doré, particularly active member of this society and former editor association of csotcina.comedic Annals of the West. Jean-Louis answered all our questions and he fully assumed the charge of “” of this number of csotcina.comedic Control.

. : How was held the congress of the ?

: It is delicate for the chairman to affirm that occurred well, but it seems to me that it was well. Many friends told me that it was a good congress, but they are friends… His preparation required a large work of me, fortunately I was very supported by which with the practice and which knows well all the wheels of this congress, and then there is all the work of OJ , the company secretary, who makes so that all is well. It was the 4th being held congress with Tours. There were my Masters: , which left us recently, and then me. The choice of Turns was, without wanting it, symbolic system since it was the 40ème congress of the , one of the first having taken place with Tours into 67, chaired by Jean .

. : On which basis was created the ?

: The basis, it was the “Group of ten” consisted with 9 other surgeons, all the West. They met twice a year, one of the meetings being devoted to their failures, which is more formative than a series of good performances. Gradually, they invited their colleagues of the West and in 67 the “Society of csotcina.comedy and Traumatology of the West” was born with an annual convention. Year by year the congress took importance, was structured with this characteristic to have three roundtables. The interest of the roundtables is to give a progress report on a subject, but is also to make work between them the colleagues of the West, private, public, and of various ages. Friendships are created on this occasion. Then, people find themselves, call themselves, conceive together. It is a very positive and cordial aspect roundtables of the . The many communications are the second flap of the . That allows surgeons who do not dare, often wrongly, to communicate to the to forward their work to us. These communications are followed discussions, always very pleasant and instructive: the microcomputer walks and each one delivers its supported opinion.

. : There are many people with the , which is unusual for a regional congress…

: Indeed, it is the second csotcina.comedic congress general practitioner after the . I think that it is related as to the third flap of the congress as is the morning of the chairman, chair which alternates private then public. The chairman, who changes each year and receives in his city, invites to speak which it wants and that gives a national or international opening to the demonstration. But let us remain modest, the ease of use, which cannot be expressed at the time of very great congresses, is one of the crucial factors of success. For example, midday Friday all the ones of the West, after having listened to two conference-debates, are invited and lunch with us and the exponents. The exponents also answer present because they are closer to the experts, and that improves our finances. This year, it to dine on the congress, Catherine and me avoided the “dinner of official reception tie”, to make a dresser where all people find themselves and discuss in a slackened way; moreover it took place in the residence where de lived his last years. Often former buddies of FAC find themselves there for which it is the annual appointment. This year there was in animation of the extraordinary conjurers, and as we also we try to make pretty things with our hands, it was a very good evening, which I believe will give desire for returning. It should not be forgotten that we profit sometimes from charm sea and that a congress in Saint-Malo, or Sands of , it is tempting. On the whole, all these elements take part in the usual success of the congress. This year, we were more than 400 registered voters.

. : Then does work of the congress appear in csotcina.comedic Annals of the West?

: Indeed. At the end of the congress the members of the office meet, add their notes and those of the participants because this year for the first time the congress was validating FMC. These notes thus make it possible to determine which will be the communications published. I was editor association of Annals during eight years; it is a work very , even if colleagues helped me. It is necessary to properly forward the items and the figures, then to integrate the discussions which were interesting. But Annals were not referred and that demotivated the senior registrars who wanted to contribute. Recently, the roundtables are published by the as well as a summary of the items; this marriage allows a form of Medline reference. There is also Internet site of the on which one can find much things.

. : Which were the main themes of this congress?

: There were three roundtables like each time. One on the fractures of the humeral pallet in the adult of more than 60 years with all the problems that poses and in particular the possible installation of prosthesis of elbow in urgency. The roundtable of the “young people” on the fractures of the thoracolumbar hinge. We had founded it with their request for a few years, that allows the interns and the chiefs to know. The last roundtable was on the tibial osteotomies of . It was very interesting because let us do of it we much and we had a good retreat. It confirmed the validity of the intervention which gets 8 years of functional peace in general. They are the same results for the femoral osteotomies of that we do not practice enough, I believe!

For the morning of the chairman, I had invited Georges-François who made us a spiel shining on the analysis of the functioning at the , and the surgical indications which result from this. I was anxious because it is a special topic, but its communication was very followed and it gained the second note. Moreover techniques related to PowerPoint make it possible to associate: slides, films, booking, as in the very alive talk of on: how an csotcina.comedic number of Control is carried out! I had invited of Norway which spoke to us about the Norwegian register of the ; it reassured us on concerns that raises in France: the register is anonymous and re-enter there only those which want it. With time the register reveals the implants which are rather better than the others. Gradually the surgeons rather tend to choose the prostheses which are better, and the figures show that there is less of recoveries.

. : How does one become chair ?

: I initially belonged to the , because in Tours, with , we were bathed by the . Then, during my military service I was the operational aid of Jean who was a very dynamic member of this society. He had taken to me as projectionist and I had to project hundreds, if they are not thousands of transparencies to the congresses of the with the usual gags. I took taste at this society. And then, basically, I adore to work and reflect with fellow-members. Later, I became editor-in-chief of csotcina.comedic Annals of the West following Jean-Claude who had completed an enormous work there. Thus insofar as I had given much of my time to society, one proposed to me to become chairman. This proof of regard of the office and the colleagues pleased to me; I hesitated a little in front of the responsibility and time to devote to it, but I of course accepted.

. : In practice, what does one make when one is chairman?

: One prepares the congress at least two years in advance. That requires much to be invested and it is much stress, even if one is very helped by . I was, has me it says, a chairman a little more invading that others because I wanted that this congress is in conformity so that I wished. It was necessary to organize the morning of the chairman and it is delicate because to make come from interesting people in their saying that they will have only inutes to speak, it is paradoxical. I asked Peter to come for my morning. That was very intricate, because me which occupies me of handicap, I am very handicapped myself by my lack of practice of English… I had gone to see it in with Pierre Robine into 86, I had been very allured by this Mr about which the Canadian wife speaks a little French… We had been received perfectly and a few months after it came at home to Tours for, I think, to see whether I could be corresponding in France, but my poor English handicapped me. It is capital that the young people usually speak it, it is absolutely essential for their career that it is medical or different.

. : The congress by the disappearance of Franz …

: We were very sad because Franz was broken by a roadhog, whereas it returned from an exchange rate given to the interns, a few days before the congress. Franz, that I knew well, with whom we had skied last winter, was a spearhead of the , was with him to organize us a voyage in India next spring. It was a very clear spirit, it answered well the questions without never being aggressive, without never being haughty with respect to the lecturers. Grace in particular to its English, he was a representative of French csotcina.comedy abroad, these brutal disappearances of friends always make us think of the vanity of the things!

. : Where do you work?

: I am csotcina.comedic surgeon with Tours. And I work finally in a new private clinic. I tell finally because I had tried in the Nineties to build an establishment, but problems of shareholding made hood this project. It is only recently, when the private clinics were going to touch the content, that they were bought up and that a beautiful private clinic called Alliance opened the fifteen last August. This private clinic has a . In practice it is a place in which there is one or two doctors permanently assisted A&E doctor nurses and aid-looking after 365 days a year. It is obviously an emergency greeting which is not made to face a bus fallen into the Loire, or even a motorcyclist. We accommodate nearly 80 patients per day: fractures, allergies, appendicites, dehydrations… At the beginning I was anxious, but we are 8 csotcina.comedists to be turned and that leaves us our routine of hip prosthese and osteotomy. In addition, if medicine were made, it is to render service and “emergency medicine” I like this side. We see young tattooed hooligans, that renovates, and changes of middle-class women pastrycooks. One sees professional situations or personal very difficult which relativize our certainty, one sees true in the destitution, and other which park their Mercedes convertible with horse on the pavement in front of the cabinet, attention with the profit takers of false handicap!

. : But on is the financial plan, it profitable?

: For the establishments yes, I think. The supervisions wanted that it goes and I believe that they gave the means so that the function. For the surgical firms that we are, 3 hours to repair a tibial rammer are less profitable than a and three with , moreover the surgeons do not take a going beyond within the framework of the urgency. Thus it is a little bit for glory, but it is our job, and that often does not arrive, sometimes a few years later this customer will return for arthrodesis!

. : It is not that a question of time, do you have the impression to be equipped on the human plan and hardware?

: In hardware yes: the private clinic takes us 10% of royalty including 7% for the purchase of the hardware; if she wants to have good operators, therefore of many customers, she must provide them hardware; we discuss firm all the 8 with it, but if one works the private clinic is straight. For the operators the future is more concerned. To return to my tibial rammer, it seems that the plates with head of boltable screws are a truth more, but they are more expensive, but the and the are same whatever the plate which one poses; thus the private clinic coughs. In the future it is necessary absolutely that the private or public Director-accountants are in phase with intelligent chairmen of CME. From the human point of view, I have only one operational aid, not instrumentalist; that is enough largely safe for the shoulders and the recoveries to .

. : And future of the private one?

: It is necessary to distinguish the establishments and the operators. For the surgical establishments: they more reactive, more flexible, smaller, less dear, less administrative, and are tied up trade-union archaisms, therefore I believe that the payments departments whatever the policies, will always cherish the blocks deprived in the direction of the hair. For the operators, their future depends on the attitude of the supervisions, our trade unions and our learned societies: if the supervisions continue the progressive impoverishment of the surgeons as it is the case of sectors 1, if they oblige the operators to pose standardized implants, if they frame by too our gestures in front of such or such pathology, in a word if we become simple technical executants, to make as much 40 hours within an asepticized framework and protecting our future, but it will be necessary for three times more surgeons and with feminization of medicine: hello Poles! But it is necessary to be optimistic, because this trade is marvellous, and if we are not passive, if we take part in the research solution, we can make in kind look after all the population, under good conditions, at a bearable cost for the taxpayers. Also the difficulty of teaching will arise, as that becomes the case for the hand surgery in certain , but there too if one dialogs between public and private, there is nothing impossible!

. : Of what does consist your daily surgical practice?

: My predecessor operated many hips, therefore I do many hip prosthese and recoveries, now in cold surgery I make almost only of the lower extremity. I operate also the hand because I liked that always much. With the whole beginning, I would have liked to make “hand surgery”. When I arrived at Tours in deprived, I wanted to create an emergency service hand, like my friend Guy in Angers. I had gone to make a training course at for two months with Merle and with and I had found that enthralling. I was one of the first with Tours to reimplant an inch. I had proposed in Bernard to be consulting hand into infantile, but it did not take action pursuant, and my private Director wrote that this surgery did not pay enough, therefore stop to me the hand. At the beginning of my installation, I made of all, of the rachis, slipped discs, spondylolisthesis, cervical rachis, of the hand, the foot, and even of appendicites! Gradually, I concentrated on the hip surgery and of the knee. For two reasons: one too badly does not do what one often does, and as I have many additional activities, handicap, policy, design of implants… that tranquillizes me to operate what I about believe it to make.

. : Did you evolve/move much in your options?

: After having discussed only with only with in his office, in spite of my English of kitchen, I was one of the first, with a little anguish, to pose prostheses “hydroxyapatite 3/3”. It was in 1988, soon 20 years, and I of it am very content, We spoke about it with the with Epinette, and . For 10 years, I have not used any more one drop of cement, except in the resumptions of . I am on the other hand haunted by the question of the couple! The EP even 22 will undoubtedly give granulomas, alumina-alumina involves terrible vibrations with the back of the metal hull which in the long term is likely to involve “unsealings”, the large metal with screw pitch are , the alumina-EP sandwich undoubtedly interesting but little are disseminated and still have little retreat… I scan the results of the Scandinavian registers; many private French has series mono-implant with great retreat and it is very regrettable that they do not publish them. Thus currently: above approximately 70 years alumina or metal-EP or double mobility, in lower part alumina-alumina, but the problem remains the long-term behavior of the back of the cup and osseous rarefaction behind it, especially if the metal hull is thick.

. : You do not have a pain of thighs?

: Not because I use entirely covered stems 3/3. I had followed a continuous series of a hundred which varied only by the extent of the recovery of the stem: 1/3, 2/3 or 3/3d' ha. I had my results to Fort de France into 92, then this spiel was refused with the ;  like one tells: “there' did not have photo”! For the stems completely covered with ha that went very well. For the others, all depended on the surface quality of the not covered party. I.e. with 1/3 of stem covered with ha and 2/3 distal out of sanded titanium, that did not occur too badly. On the other hand if the 1/3 or 2/3 not covered were out of polite titanium that occurred very badly, as for stems double-layered alumina-ha even 3/3; after the phase of résorbtion-substitution one needs that the newly formed can cling to the not covered party, therefore simplest is to entirely cover the stem with ha with below a decreasing granulometry of . In the middle of the Nineties one could hesitate because one feared a tuning fork negotiable instrument with in the long term great trochanters and completely pellucid metaphyses. The group proved to us that at the end of 20 years it was not the case. In addition the ha abolishes space between the bone and the prosthesis, that decreases the risks of infection and of granuloma with foreign body. Thus why to deprive itself of the 3/3?

. : You were trained by ?

: Yes, I made my last six-month period of boarding school and my at his place. When I arrived, Tours was not any more medical school since 1962, but became medical college with whole share only in 1969. Mr who was part time became full-time like Bernard and André the future senior. The arrival of the Algérois owners, of which some were excellent, created an emulation with the Parisian ones. was a Master, a Master whom we adulate and who us forever known as a word the more high only other, it was the opposite of his colleague of the famous books of anatomy! When it raised hardly the tone, we take that like an enormous slanging match. We only worked to please to him, and we wanted that it is proud us. was also draftsman and music lover. It took part in the creation of the musical festivals of around Richter. It had talents enormously and, a posteriori, the only weakness that I find to him, it is that it was not opened with the international one, but at the time little of teams were it.

. : Tell me an anecdote of Jean

: Once every two months we had the #07645A mass. It was a meeting, under this beautiful standard table Paul , in the proper office of the owner where we returned only exceptionally. We really did not speak about files, but of the service, the future, teaching, we remade or rather it remade csotcina.comedy. One day, the owner, a little excited, told us that it was going to put to us at the current of a technical astuteness, but which it was necessary that one urges not to reveal it as long as it would have written it and especially not drawn. We felt like Co-discoverers plotters. He explained us his idea, we sprinkled that with the whiskey, and in the night he had drawn and written its beautiful writing, very precisely, various times of the with its idea of oblique plan which makes that with 45° one advances as much as one relocate the former tibial tuberosity, therefore one can do without grafts. We had all really the impression to be informed by the Master of a dexterity, entrusted to his/her companions. Only the members of the , the csotcina.comedic Surgical Private clinic and associating de Tours private and public, of which it had drawn itself the logo, had been put in the confidence. I am sure that if the badges had existed at the time, he would have created badges and would have given them to each one among us in a a little solemn way, after a time of training, only to those which would have deserved it, a little like a dubbing of knighthood. This is why the owner did not like really whom with the outside we do not have of attitudes in conformity so that it wished, because for him, our external opinions undoubtedly engaged a little “family ”. Not hesitating to give my opinion, it arrived to me one or twice to have during a few months of a little fresh relations with him, which fortunately, were heated secondarily.

. : What did you come to make in Tours?

: I was born in Chartres opposite the Hospital, where certain will be later internal! I “continued”, it is the word which was appropriate for the of my instructors, my studies in Chartres. My city belonged to the very new academy Orleans-Turns, however my parents wanted that I will make medicine in Paris where my brother had just made a success of the boarding school. But I was in love with a Chartres-native young person coed in history, being stock exchange it was to go to Tours, I followed it.  Then I was internal at the hospital of Loaches. I was 25 years old and two children and there was no housing for the intern. As the caretaker had just left, I was appointed “internal caretaker”. Thus sometimes, there were a little alcoholized people who arrived at midnight, they sounded with the grid of the hospital, and howled: “Is there a doctor of guard? ”. I arrived in pyjamas to answer them: “Yes, there are a doctor 24:00/24, want to pass by here, he awaits you”. I took the short cut on other side, I put a blouse and received them. Then a little guy told: “You, I already saw you some share”. I was going twice per week to Tours to follow the conferences of boarding school, I returned around two hours of the morning; fortunately the car knew the route. Anxious Catherine remained waked up, with the two children, her job of teacher, the caretaker's lodge, and her husband who prepared the boarding school, it was super. Beside the sympathetic nerve folklore, there were enormously negative aspects specific to the small surgical units, in particular of the dramatic labor carried out by country doctors. I kept since an aversion for these small surgical units I saw too much born dead babies, women become sterile. The labor is one moment too serious in the life of the baby, so that it is not carried out in structures equipped carrying out at least 500 labor the year. In addition this small surgical unit was a financial drain. There were an anesthetist, a radiologist, manipulators radios, nurses anesthetists, the ones, substitutes, and all that to discuss Pouteau-Adhesives and appendicitis per week. I really believe that in these small towns it is necessary to create , and that one directs the heavy patients towards important private or public structures equipped well in hardware and competence. Then these operated patients could quickly continue their convalescence in these small towns where they would be close to on their premises and their family, which would make it possible looking after these small hospitals to keep their employment. It is necessary to militate to stop wanting to do all anywhere. Somebody who has a tendon bungee cord badly repaired that is very expensive, for him and society.

. : How was held your boarding school?

: I was received with the boarding schools of Rennes and Tours. I chose Tours and immediately I wanted to make csotcina.comedy. The cabinet work of the man is a trick which I liked well, and even for an csotcina.comedist the man has a brain sometimes quite difficult to look after, which I also liked!

. : Where had you known the work of wood?

: In the workshop of my father. My father always said me that he would have liked to be a surgeon, but the appendicular peritonitis which carried my grandfather, made it take again the family firm at 25 years. Wholesaler, it bought foodstuffs and of current use, and its trucks distributed them in all the grocers of . It had immense warehouses, mechanics and carpenters. When I was child I made kilometers in roller skates in the warehouses where there was painting, perfumes, coffee, oil, socks, and shoes. One torrefied the coffee and one manufactured the shoes. I loved much the carpenter and the mechanic, I was often going to work with them, it is perhaps that my first link with csotcina.comedy! “One does not recover from a happy childhood” tells one, I had a marvellous childhood surrounded by six super brothers and sisters, parents who liked, of a father who worked enormously, therefore we lived well. Later, I thus hung well with which pushed us to make training courses in the companions with Tours, to learn to us with using well the torque links in the yarn of wood. Wood is less tolerant than the bone, because nature, good girl, often arrange the imperfections.

. : And after the boarding school?

:  I make my boarding school at in pediatry, into visceral then at in and vascular and finally I integrated the team and his famous . I knew that a new hospital was going to be built in Chartres, and that a post of head of service would be released soon. I asked the Owner if I could go a little to Chartres during the last months of my , it was of agreement. Therefore, I left to 6:00 the morning Turns for Chartres. On the spot, I operated all the morning, I consulted all the afternoon and I set out again towards 20:00 to start again the following day with Tours. I was posed in Chartres in June 80, I were the first surgeon full-time there. The Director very therefore very bought to me: , the image intensifier, boxes of osteosynthesis, stréri-wall etc… I was rather dynamic and voluntary and I worked much. That made a little move the things and the practices, with the result that one day I received a letter of the Director telling me that I worked too much at “peripheral” hours and that posed problems. Working beyond 5 p.m., I annoyed everyone: there were no more the administrative ones, more radiologists, therefore it was better that I stop with 17:00 At that time I learned that there was a place in deprived in Tours and I returned.

. : It is only for one question of work hour that you cease your hospital activity in Chartres?

:  I was surely too individualistic to accept local hospital heaviness. Since, that surely evolved/moved. At the time, I was the only surgeon full-time. I was unhappy greeting of the urgencies where arrived of the damaged fingers which were discussed like-Ci, like-that, according to the team of guard. I re-examined them at the end of one month with the stiff fingers, of the rotten hands to begin again, and that opposed me much. I would have perhaps remained in Chartres because this surgery of heavy traumatology, often night, is gratifying; to re-examine at one year, with his/her children, a man whom one operated at 2 o'clock in the morning of a splenectomy with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, it is more gratifying than a which folds to 125. And then for my wife it was one difficult period, for the wives not officials who work, it is terrible the husbands who move! It had a pretty job which he/she liked well of documentalist in a newspaper with Tours, it lost it to go to Chartres. When we returned nths after, the job was taken and it did not find it. There is regulation today, but she wanted me. On the other hand, it became operational aid because, when I arrived at the private clinic of Turns, all the surgeons were helped by their wives. That made 20 years now that one operates together and my faith, very agreeably.

. : To have its wife like helps operational, it is a pleasure?

: It is a pleasure, if one obliges not to speak job at the house too much. It is very pleasant on the practical level because we are of guard the same day, one moves the night at very the times, and when one decides to take holidays, we do not have a problem of employer. He/she likes the job, it did not can have lived without working, and even after two hours of test of osteosynthesis, if I tell: “that does not go, one removes, one takes again all” it does not say nothing and supports me. As we have worked together for more than twenty years it knows all my gestures, sometimes it tells me: it is voluntarily that you do not make this operational time? Sometimes it is voluntary, sometimes not because I have the head elsewhere, that it is a truth not to change aid more. Because of the development of legislation , which it should be said in passing was abusive towards the surgeons deprived on their Internet site and I weigh my words, it passed there is one year the validating diploma.

. : How does your liberal installation occur to Tours?

: At the time we worked all in two private clinics apart inutes, one was called Velpeau, of the name of the famous tape which he did not invent besides! I remember: after having called to deaden the patient, to be gone up with the second private clinic in the Vespa with the box of sterile surrounded by Scotch tape and my operational aid behind my seat! They all! At the beginning of my installation in 81, we put, csotcina.comedists and visceral, our joint fees: that finished 10 years afterwards in avocados, then we put between csotcina.comedists part of our joint fees: that finished 10 years after also in avocados! I do not believe in liberal Communism; it is necessary to have signed very precise documents for the guards, the holidays, the disease, the successions, the enlarging of the team, etc, then those which want to buy an apartment in Paris for their student children work more, and those which prefer the golf, or to walk their grandson work less and all that without rancour.

I held so that there is a good agreement between colleagues and I created into 86 association : Young csotcina.comedists. One evening every two months, all the colleagues who want it, private or public, meet in turn in the office of the one among us who undertakes to provide the pizza pies and without any sponsor. There one sees the files, one tells the concern which one had, congresses in which we went. That goes very well, so much so that for 6 years, at the beginning of each meeting, that which has a patient who troubles it, the fact of coming and have examined we it. It is very pleasant and instructive. When certain patients want to be absolutely made operate, it is easier to convince them of the uselessness of an intervention when we are eight with theirs to tell.

It is towards this time that us have discovered that our girl was handicapped, which led me to assume the chairmanship of a team wanting to create a center for handicapped people motor coach which is called the Institute of May, today pilot center in France. It is an institute specialized in the training with the range and the social life. Sometimes of young handicapped people live in chambers of life where they are out of track suit in front of television to make joinings and a little painting. I exaggerate, but not as much as that! Whereas they are children who have a true potential if one gives them the means of them, in particular house automations. The structure that we created makes it possible them to discover that they are able to press on a button to open a gate, to light the TV, that with a speech synthesizer while pressing on keys they can tell: “hello Madam, I would like a milk”. Once they reached these stages, they can live in an apartment downtown. Creation, with others, of this institute of May is a true joy. That goes so much although the ministry required of us to do another in Nancy of them.

. : How is this financed?

: The institute has a double tariffing: 2/3 by the General advice from which the customer comes, 1/3 by the Social security. I installed that thanks to a specific approach. Formerly, one was going to request a little charity from the policies. Me, I forwarded myself while telling: “You took in an obligatory way to us our money through the taxes for, inter alia, solidarity; your role is to redistribute it, therefore give again to us our money”. This approach undoubtedly destabilized them a little. Moreover, I did a little policy, which surely helped. In addition, I was supported in the financial montage by one of my brothers who came from large distribution, it was intricate because in private and public management one does not speak the same language, but there as elsewhere there are the null ones and much of people very goods. One arrived there, but it was long and difficult.

. : What currently understands the Institute of May?

: It is a structure of 40 places: 25 studios and 15 apartments disseminated in . On their arrival, the young adults, whom we call “customers”, are a little anxious and the families too. When you have a 18 year old child who always was out of chamber, not leaving practically never, and that after having spent a few months at May one tells him: “You take your electric armchair, and you will make your races downtown” there is what to worry! The parents should be reassured, to learn to the and auxiliaries from life this new way of managing the handicap. It is an new approach of the handicapped person. They remain approximately two years in a studio of the residence, then they go one year or two in apartments of the town of , and finally settle in Lyon, Paris or La Rochelle where they are shouldered by local home helps.

. : In these studios with which deals with them?

: Nurse's aides, of the , the advisers in social economy and family… One of the big problems is that we have a fixed price of day; that the handicapped person needs per day three hours for aid or 8 hours, it is the same price. It is not well. As a chairman, I am unfortunately obliged to tell to the directing line: this young person could return on our premises but he asks too many hours, therefore it is not. One should make a grid, like the , which would make it possible to obtain a variable price of day. A person handicapped out of chamber costs two to three times more expensive than the same one in apartment downtown, therefore our institute is expensive, but creates economies in the long term.

Economic times are hard, it is necessary thus that one manages to look after as well but with less expensive, and the doctors are recipients! At the time of the 2003, our daughter “left”, it was 31 years old, it myopathic, it was worked forever, it was always taken of charge by society, it was neat until the end like a queen so much on the psychological level, only technical. Last times, it was in a which was to cost not far from 2000 € per day. It is although it is like that, but that has a cost and raises true questions: wouldn't this money have been placed better in a learning center? If one is sensitive to “social”, should absolutely be supported a dynamic economic policy; one can distribute only the money which one created. On this subject, I would like to explain a badly known thing, called the “residence of help” while summarizing:  if I am adult person with cerebral palsy my allowances are poured by the department where I live, therefore if a department does many things for the handicap, I will move to live there, and it is this new department which will pour me my allowances!

.   This kind of situation creates a appeal?

: Yes, of course! When there exists a structure which corresponds exactly to the handicap that you have or that your child has, you manage to be transferred close to this structure; and if the handicapped person becomes autonomous, at the end of three months, the new department will have an allocatee moreover, it is a true brake.

. : And the policy?

: I belonged to a municipal list with Tours vis-a-vis Jean . That which hated the naked breasts, and them suggestive posters of cinema. We wanted to make the Loire centered on the life sciences with the , Corona, Pfizer, the , Orleans, Blois and Angers, it was a superb project. I forwarded myself against him twice with in particular Jean as campaign director. It was enthralling and very instructive. I was for six months; that interested me much because in the small towns, there is a truth capacity if one belongs to the majority, if not it is figuration. I will have liked to be associated. But the few surgeons who had important responsibilities, delegates in particular, come all from the public. When you are elected, you lose your customers quickly, the private clinic finds you a substitute, and if 5 years re-elected afterwards, not, you become again liberal surgeon, you do not have any more a job. It is a true obstacle.

. : Let us return to csotcina.comedy…

: In parallel, I worked with industry and I adored that. I collaborated only or in several, but to several one goes much less quickly, with , , and much with . When an implant is developed, it is a heavy responsibility initially with respect to the operated futures, but also for the firm and its workmen, because it devotes a large budget in research and development to it. To work with engineers on the computer in 3D, to reflect, carry out tests at the laboratory of anatomy, to see the realization out of titanium, then to begin the installations, they are moments of creation which I liked much.

. : Did you succeed?

: Yes, I developed there are fifteen and ten years two implants reliable and always posed, and recently a modular implant of resumption of . For this year the has appeared in the Norwegian register, it is a label of fame. This implant renders service in the recoveries and the cases of fractures under prosthesis. Currently, there is fortunately less unsealing of prostheses but one sees more and more spiroid fractures of the femur under prosthesis: rather than to pose a plate and to put the grandmothers discharge some three months, it could be advantageous to change by a locked stem which makes it possible to go immediately in full support.

. : It is where the next ?

: It is in Le Havre with in the chair Bernard . You there are awaited!