. : From where are you?

J.P.C. : I am a man of South-west. of which I go down made very good “Low Armagnac”. My back large Honore father refused a promotion towards the East to direct the Highways Departments to… in ! right before the second Empire. One of the of my father, Paul played an important role in the creation of famous “the of ” of Pentecost to , friendly competitor of that of Nimes: the trophy “Paul ” rewards best the for . I have the great honor to chair this jury, which I feel as a homage for him which deserves it well.

The oldest son of Honore, my large Louis father, born in 1865, left to study Medicine until being internal provisional in Paris, settling in Bordeaux and to marry there my grandmother Henriette of an large family of Bordeaux. She left us a memory dazzled as with all those which knew it and liked. Their two sons, Pierre, born in 1894, and Jean, born in 1896, were brutally torn off with the great family happiness for the 4 terrible years of the “Great War” of 1914 of which they could return wounded, decorated and especially completely “changed” as the world in which they resumed their studies in 1919. Pierre, aggregate of Conventional Letters made a great career: General inspector, lecturer of the Alliance Fran1caise in the world, author of many writings on , Colette, Chateaubriant, the Fountain… and Perpetual Secretary of the Policy and Academy of Science Morals, it was an attractive speaker, of a great charisma.

Jean, my father, remained nearer to his parents by studying Medicine in Bordeaux: appointed Intern with the contest of 1922, it fulfilled the functions of Senior registrar in the Instructor at the Hospital of the Children: it was of these very first pediatrists of Bordeaux with , , then and well of others, creators of a speciality of which it had provided for the current bursting in specialities in the speciality. It was the pioneering days where the pediatrists saw , jaundices, infectious diseases disappeared nowadays and… could even have to make a tracheotomy in urgency for a croup.

My sisters and me had a true Gascon “booster injection” when this “of Bordeaux” went to marry my mother, girl of a doctor of , one of the very beautiful villages of , of which he was the mayor during 40 years and where he had properties: I well-known and lived at the time of summer holidays of this time agriculture of formerly. The ruin of 1940, with recall of my father under the flags, was worth me one year of elementary school with in large parents “cake”: marvellous memories of a completed time: Gascon speech, buddies found with the later joys of hunting for partridges, abundant rabbits and hares and them… unforgettable wood pigeons: all that, not far from where the Paul cousin who did not miss a lunch at the house at the time of the bullfights by Bordeaux, fought to create the of with our enthusiastic accession.

There was thus a strong medical tradition in the family and, probably for lack of imagination, I found myself, after my baccalaureat, registered voter with the in Bordeaux. I always had buddies older than me and, as one had many , I went to the hospital St-Andre to two pitches of at home, to follow the training courses with my training friends of 1st year. In this noble and beautiful old hospital of the center town, which is a little the equivalent of the Hospital of Paris, I attended meetings of surgery with techniques of formerly, posted behind a pane with a few meters of the surgeon. Far from me to reject, that gave me the desire for making this trade. This period seems to me means-âgeuse today. I made a training course in the old urology department. There was a common room and one made washings of bladder with water pulp in the large copper pitchers which one now finds in the museums of the old people's homes. Certain patients remained all the winter. I remember a catch which made of #157268; its bed was close to the stove in the center of the gigantic part: it had boats with the head of its bed. Doctors or interns bought some to him: it had offered some for the vault of the sisters of Vincent Saint of Paul.

Replacing one day the external one of guard, I had the pride “to give” an anesthesia with the aircraft of for fortunately easy appendicitis: I had to take ether as much than the patient!

 

. : How did your boarding school occur?

: : I was received external in 1955 and I made a solid course of day school, enormously taking guards, very present at the Hospital like, impassioned much by this trade where one gave us responsibilities for small care, various examinations, of capture of the written observations read at the time of the inspection in front of the owner, the interns, the colleagues: very formative! We had certainly more experience than the majority of the interns of today. But I hesitated much in front of the frightening preparation of the boarding school of the time, because I played Rugby a little, I went to hunting and much of things interested me. My father did not advise me to make pediatry, but, while thinking all the same of a possible succession, I took in 4th year a post of external at the Hospital of the Children. There, as in much of places at the time, in Surgery, the holder of the Pulpit of Infantile, was csotcina.comédiste. It was the case of Louis . I made a training course of medicine but at the time of the guards, I found internal elder buddies of which Jean-Louis who was going to be a Senior registrar. As the surgery interested me more and more, I finished, on his consultings, by taking a training course of external at . J. - L. encouraged me to prepare the boarding school and makes work. I had also like lecturer in medicine Claude , very strong personality which was going to be illustrated later by a report very noticed on the health expenditure. With my friend Servant, we were privileged people: we must with these two “Masters” have made a success of this rotten contest. I was thus appointed with the contest of 1960 to make… csotcina.comedic surgery. We were only 18 in promotion. All made beautiful careers with several pH. Among them, Jacques and Louis whom one does not introduce in our speciality! Later, we found ourselves Senior registrars at the same time at which we help to operate for his private customers: we lived one marvellous and highly formative period.

 

. : As soon as appointed, you thus chose csotcina.comedy?

: Of course! Encouraged by the contact of the Hospital of the Children and the cordiality of of which I regarded myself as it raises since my training course of external of 1959! So much so that at the time of my various training courses, I had already the label of csotcina.comedist in the services where I passed. In 61-62, for the many fractures of the neck, one put prostheses of Moore or one with nails of or nail-plates of Mac .

At that time, unceasingly rising road traumatology started to present large societies' problems and of… surgery. Although Hospital of the Children, the Service, because of very great fame of the Owner and of , had an enormous recruitment of and after-effects coming from all the great Western South.

 

. : Which kind of csotcina.comedic surgery did one make at ?

A primarily preserving cold csotcina.comedic surgery: osteotomy of of the tibiae for the knees and all kinds of osteotomies or of butted for the hips. Much infantile csotcina.comedy: major , rickets, , after-effects of polio, malformations in all kinds, tracking of congenital dislocations, put in extension, plasters in varied positions. , too little known and too quickly disappeared, was aggregate Children: a fabulous artist: piano, drawing, the king of the hare beaks. Small “Mr” had returned inspection to “Mr” at the time of the Hospital of the Children: he had explained us the interest of the derotation osteotomies in the large hip dysplasias: one did many Sommerville-Small follow-ups or not of derotation osteotomy. I have even known the time when one made plasters in position of reduction with anesthesia to the compress, with chloroform. In traumatology we were very “ central-medullary with chamber closed to adhere to osseous biology”. Rock, predecessor of , had learned the method by receiving prisoners of war in 7943 41 who had had a nail of in Germany: they completely had challenged the assumption of special tortures and described contrary to the care of very good quality… confirmed by remarkable consolidations. Rock and its Christian son had developed a round nail for tibiae and femurs used with closed chamber which clearly improved the results of the methods of the time before passing, of course, with the true nail of . In the first times, “to the Children”, one put oneself in the plaster room with the csotcina.comedic table, a small perforated field, the screen of radioscopy held with the hand at the end of a handle out of wooden not to take departments too much. The aircraft came from the surpluses of the army of Indo-China! Of course, when the Owner could move the Service in the center of Traumatology with , close to the Municipal Stage (become ), all that took a great blow of young person, practically at the beginning of my boarding school like holder.

The supra-condylar fractures of the child were discussed initially by continuous extension to the zenith and one made possibly a in into percutaneous in the following days when a reduction had been obtained.

To return from there to the purely csotcina.comedic surgery, we made Clerc's Offices of nonunions, corrections of
vicious cal, of remarkable arthrodeses for “incredible” feet, corrections of unknown static disorders now, femoral osteotomies various and, for the mining area, of the stops. The intervention queen of the Owner, it was the stop finished by 45 days a plastered aircraft and a rehabilitation without support the 45 following days.

 

. : In the child?

: In the child, not because he said, with reason, that the growth would probably make install the graft: the guideline of the femoral head rather was corrected, as Petit had shown, and one began the pelvic corrections according to the principles from .

For the stops, there was a great debate with of Toulouse which one from time to time invited to the staff of Saturday. was for “the trench”, others for “the rail”. In any case, , folded back to him a small flap with a torque link which it called chisel, derived from the torque links of cabinetmakers, dish on a side and oblique of the other, carefully sharpened by the male nurse of the block. When it had folded back this flap on the released capsule of the considered tendon of the former right, it left with a torque link obliquely in the axis the neck, to cut an oblique trench in the mining area and it embedded the graft held by a grip of and pushed by a growth graft. The test was to fire on the grip from : the graft was to remain in place. Thus, there did not need osteosynthesis. I never saw the owner missing this operation and it hardly put more than inutes. I use exactly the same method by adding a screwing since I do not plaster any more.

It had made neurosurgery which it had almost introduced in Bordeaux, which was worth to him an enormous practice of the surgery of the sciatica. It practiced a surgery of an greater ease, clean, methodical, not very bloody, little shocking.

Though part-time, present the every day as of 6:30, an enormous weight in this service had which it had conceived while taking as a starting point in the form to bring on the patient all the specialists necessary including the and, of course, a superb reanimation connected to the outlines of the future . Its consultation was incredible “a Court of the Miracles” where we could see and learn very from our trade, in particular quite instructive errors.

 

. : And after the boarding school?

: : kept me a post of head of Private clinic. As this post was not free from the start in 1966, I made a replacement of general surgery with the Meeting for two months, all the more instructive as I returned while making small tourist jumps of South Africa to Egypt by discovering all the East Africa of which Uganda of too famous Dada and the sources of the Nile, the falls of the Zambezi, etc I learned much during replacements of general surgery. Sometimes under very folk conditions. In , with the junction of and the Basque country, there was a large private clinic where the operating-room was the former dining room of a middle-class house. In the place of the gloss there was Scialytic, hung with three strings: ! The ground, it was the parquet floor in oak which cracked when one moved, the marble chimney was used to pose the boxes of instruments and there were bottles full of alcohol in which one put the wire which had not been entirely used. The anesthetist: the nun of the private clinic with a syringe of fixed by an adhesive plaster at the bend of the elbow and a mask with a little ether and oxygen.

I liked the replacements with Mont of . I had many friends there, I had known by the Rugby and the much of the doctors of the Moors and very close : at the time, there was no csotcina.comedist in the sector: . Guards had not arrived yet at ! When one of the two surgeons of the private clinic of Mount of broke the wrist, validates it asked if it could release me temporarily so that I can give them a knack. What I did with pleasure.

 

. : Didn't that give you the taste to remain in private clinic?

: : If, it were even my project. But I needed an extension of the private clinic; she was refused by the policies who wanted to privilege a post of pH full-time at the Hospital: I did not want to accept it because I did not see myself “opposite” my large friends of the Private clinic who had accommodated me.

One evening, Marcel , Parisian appointed aggregate in Bordeaux, tells me: “I intended to tell that your business of Mount of does not go well; there are new like Caen, Rouen, Poitiers which do not have csotcina.comedists: you could contribute very well for Poitiers”. I had crossed this city to only go to Paris, without never being to me stopped there. I had light enough bonds and work for what one requires at present but, neither better nor worse than the average of the time. I had gone to forward to me to Robert who made party of the jury and he asked me: “there is somebody against you?” I told him not, it answered me: “good, then let us stop these stupidities” and he told full with funny stories.

I was thus appointed in Poitiers. When I became regular member of the in 1973, the same Robert was Chairman and, during dining it on the congress at S, it “” all the members who became titular by striking the shoulder with a rolled diploma. and its role in all my establishments with much of humor recalled me!

 

. : You arrived at Poitiers as department head?

: : At all, I arrived like Agrégé. It in 1971, was lodged in General surgery by Jacques , courteous, pleasant, remarkable teaching, who made “osseous” surgery. It is a “black foot”, former intern of Algiers: we shared Traumatology. Then I quickly made a on the femoral neck fractures and the hip surgery with the idea at that time to develop information on the prostheses, badly known. With my great surprise, the lecture theater of the Faculty of Poitiers was complete.

I had invited : many doctors of Both Sevres and Vienna, certain Protestants like him, had begun their studies at the Medical school from Poitiers then finished in Bordeaux, becoming its pupils. They had largely answered the invitation, curious to know this pupil of their owner, which helped me well to develop the service.

 

. : What do you pose like prosthesis?

: : Before I do not leave Bordeaux, Jacques who read English better than us, had drawn our attention to the publications of John . We became in fact a small core of “ early”, because it was not easy to get the prosthesis and the , however quite rudimentary.

We had the chance that Philippe de , collaborator of Mr. owner of the S F F C (of Bordeaux!) distributer of , is of Bordeaux and childhood friend of myself and one of wire of . As much of colleagues of the time, the first total prostheses that we had put were of Mac . In addition to the “ friction”, the completely new and original modularity had drawn our attention to the prosthesis of : although there were only very few sizes, one could put any with any femur, which was not the case of Mac (or “very large” or “very small”).

 

. : On did your arrival, you have the exclusiveness in the in Poitiers?

: : Not, because with the private clinic there was Jacques , arrived a little front me. He was former chief of Robert as #DBFFFF which joined it rather quickly. We always had friendly reports and very good contacts ( with the Rheumatologists, replacements by interns or chiefs, contacts personal): never a cloud in addition to 30 years! They are with the retreat: I address all my friendships to them.

 

. : How did that go for you?

: : One worked enormously. At one period, I believe that I put up to 4 per day, in the same room. It was necessary to make the consultations, teaching, to make create posts of head and Interns, to sit at multiple meetings, etc… Now, I do not make any more that hip prosthese and of knee, but at the beginning, I had enormously the infantile one; I created the spine surgery in Poitiers, in particular scolioses. By packing my team, I could center my activity, the more so as I created the teaching of Sports medicine while being chairman of the Stage Rugby in National Splitting, of a great part
of that of the Compensation for the Body Damage.

I was accommodated with open arm by a Managing director, his Assistant and a small team who put a point of honor to make hospital of Poitiers a . Because of the intense activity of the csotcina.comedic department, I quickly obtained a true quite modest Service but active by transforming decayed buildings little by little, by adding a chamber of in the single room of the Hotel God, left in 1980 for a beautiful service in the “Tower Jean Bernard” to the of : 76 clean beds, 3 operating-rooms (2 “white”, 1 of traumatology), 1 room
septic…

 

. : You remained faithful to ?

: Yes, although one proposed to me I donot can how much time be made “my” prosthesis. But, to take a stem , to make three amendments and to say “it there is my prosthesis”, that does not correspond to my character! had some misadventures, polyethylene knew processing and various fortunes, but, with the passing, I do not regret my fidelity. In first intention, I remain for the femurs; on the other hand, I adopt an attitude more moderated on . At all events, my intense activity of resumption of prosthesis and the considerable variety of models more or less innovating that I was brought to revise consolidate me on my choice. Moreover, to remain faithful to a concept makes it possible to re-examine in the long run what one did and to inform itself. The retrospective studies are not any more with the mode: too bad! One learns much.

. : What do you use as prosthesis of rebuilding?

: : I think of having followed the route of many people. At the beginning, I scraped the granuloma and resealed a prosthesis inside; with certain successes besides. Then I used of larger even “long stem special fractures”, but with the yarn of time the stem can take play, in particular in rotation; I also used the grosses Bank of bone which I gave birth to in Poitiers, but some large “femurs of motorcyclist” sometimes reabsorbed: especially, lawful complexities of all kinds practically made some give up the use and the taking away: therefore, I adopted the ideas of my friend Charles and I use the locked prostheses ( of Will have) settings by a channel with flaps to reconstitute the osseous capital of operated.

Many models on this principle develop, of which the of and others, which proves the interest of the method.

 

. : But why a locked stem and not simply a stem of Wagner?

: : The Wagner go down, it is the major problem. But I am in the spirit of the ideas of Wagner, Vives and . Wagner showed that with his stem one could reveal bone around the prosthesis. Sharp showed that by locking it one avoided the descents, but it put to 7-8 screw and it is a little much. Lastly, made the promotion of the association of the osseous flap and the locking of the stem. I re-examined 60 files of recoveries at the time of the thesis of Alice . Controls show that the bone in contact with the prosthesis adheres closely, but when there remains remote, he remakes himself without “sticking” to the prosthesis. Thus the flap and hooping allow a better contact of the femoral bone with the stem of rebuilding and a better osteogenesis. It is that which I call the rebuilding. It is brilliant the csotcina.comedy which makes remake bone! For the objective number one which is to remake bone, we do not have concern: at the time when I write, we have more than 200 files. On the other hand, we cannot speak yet about the prosthesis it even we are not the 10 years old of minimum retreat.

N . : You are manifestly amateur of bullfighting…

: : Yes, my father was . Any kid, it had brought me to bullfights: seeing my interest, he entrusted his books to me on the question to be able to discuss with full knowledge of the facts. In Bordeaux, there were the sands attended by the best matadors of the moment. Being young, I implied myself in local clubs . I wove links with people of what one calls the “”, the small world, French and Spanish a little as at my beginnings in medicine when I went to the block with my blouse under the arm. One beautiful day, in 1955, the person responsible for a review , but disappeared since, “”, told me: “in Bordeaux, there is nobody: do you want to hold our chronicle?” It was an important reconnaissance: I became critical , I wrote much for the review of Nimes. I lived of very close many very great events and well-known of very famous people. One day, in Mont of , I was beside Jean , wire of eminent surgeon of Bordeaux, in the “”: we looked at famous in runway and, indicator that the used much the left horn with a very marked taste for the territory of the barriers, I described to him what would most probably do. I.e. to exploit the “clear” side while making leave the the area of the barriers with a preliminary work of domination short and strong conduit with the right hand: therefore, while especially not being exposed to the dangerous horn left, which had, in my opinion, to make it possible to connect series of right-handed master keys as the weather could make so well and… to be then some master keys of the left hand to show that the defect of the had been corrected before carrying a beautiful death blow made very easy by the domination on the . made me the honor carry out this program with a large success with the key and Jean to affirm in a friendly way that I knew some as much as large , which, alas, is not completely true! The same Jean to whom I had given the great principle of the “ of ” of : one chooses the most beautiful possible with beautiful armours and one engages the matadors who want to come to rub there. Result: here a few years already, for the readers of the Le Monde newspaper: a gigantic bond: “Of the horns like ! ”, which was the case like very often to . In , last year, I was with Pierre , the large friend “”, who explained with much spirit the things of the bullfight with Pierre Durand, Olympic champion of Horsemanship: we were in this “” from where one sees the things of near at the time of the equestrian bullfight of the morning of August 15th: I will never forget the amazement not pretended of Pierre Durand in front of the control of the bullfighter-riders and his comments on raising, time for him very long of the effort of attention requested from the horse vis-a-vis the : us, pedestrians, aircraft hardly spoken but about the !

Organizers thought that I could measure the bulls. Of needle and thread, I “chaired” of the bullfights, I was interfered very close with organizations, I have very well-known several matadors. When one needs somebody to make and to explain what is the bullfight, one asks me to go there very often.

. : it much of relationship between csotcina.comedy and the bullfighting?

: : yes, and I took part in the creation of the Association of the Surgeons de France. It is often about traumatology muscular, vascular, sometimes thoracic, sometimes cranial. They are often vascular or visceral colleagues who are with the “controls” in the sands. There are also csotcina.comedists: , the chief of the csotcina.comedic department of Aix in Provence, with and well of others. A major axiom: the casualty by horn has several ways: the horn of the bull raises, re-enters, arises, turns. If only one way is explored, dirtinesses inside are left and there is an unquestionable infection.

 

. : What is what impassions you in the bullfighting?

: The bullfighting it is very interesting because the bulls, like the men, are all different. The behavior of the men vis-a-vis the wild beast and dangerous depends on themselves, of their more or less controlled fear, their knowledge, in the way in which the combat evolves/moves: that depends on the bull of course, but also and much of what the man does. It is a species of psychodrama of the life: don't you find that resembles the surgical act?

 

. : Young csotcina.comedists do they make the same trade as that which you knew?

: : Not it is not completely the same trade. The young people let themselves distract, in my opinion, by decoys. Instead of extracting substantial marrow from their boarding school, i.e. to remain close to the service, to seize the reasons from what occurs under their eyes, they run after ., labels various etc… I believe that it is due to several mailmen: initially, they are generally parts “brought back” in C H U where they exert: the appointed remain little in Poitiers, it quasi totality of the come besides, therefore they should all discover colleagues, local mentalities, he do not have roots, they are not of the “family”; then, they often have complex marital statuses (joint new or remained with the starting point, etc); finally, they are rightly anxious of their future feeling well that the prestige of the profession is in fall and that they will have only one small piece of the medical capacity with much of material concerns. They know the radios of staff best that the patients of which they must speak. For example, I do many resumptions of : there are few interns and chiefs available to follow closely and to help because they are very solicited, more often called elsewhere than we were it. They work much, but one ends up more not feeling this desire to see, to learn at all costs that we had at their age: to observe, ask, understand it why some gestures, to see the patients, to re-examine them with the consultation…, to benefit from an enormous experiment. They seem more solicited to me by “specialities in the speciality” because it is perhaps what one will ask them into private, whereas pH in a REGIONAL HOSPITAL, he is necessary “to do everything”… I speak to them much about responsibility, too often marked by “the civil professional one” a little too with the last style. One thus feels that they have much more concern than us at their age, preoccupations with a family which we had less, feared of a more or less poor future, of a domestication by an administration of which they strengthen the capacity unconsciously?

However, the bases of the trade remain the same ones: to evaluate the patients and to adhere to them by posing an operational indication argued and explained well to the patient. I am to advise with the Medical Penny: I see the funny ones of things there. Even by complying with the elementary rules of practice, there are all of the gags, but if one passes in addition to….

 

. : At the time of your departure to the retreat, which balance-sheet professional do you fire?

: : I am proud of me insofar as 50% of the csotcina.comedists installed in Poitiers left the Service and where many doctors, physios, nurses on our premises assert to be trained. I always took care to maintain good relationships with all, in particular the Rheumatologists. I came from a or the Rheumatologists maintained the hateful relationship with the csotcina.comedists. Even with which was the tolerance even, no communication was possible. When I arrived at Poitiers, I found a Rheumatologist who came
of , Daniel ,
a remarkable man. We collaborated narrowly
with its Service which has a remarkable radiation. We learned much and encouraged in our surgery. This mutual enrichment was a true happiness and an good example of professional complementarity. Yes, I believe my very positive balance-sheet, at least for me and, I hope for it, for many patients and pupils and for all the which was small and fragile in 1971.